Yes the 4.3Bn limit is in the code.
For now, core developers don’t get Safecoin, they are getting bitcoin from the Foundation, or rather are paid by the Co which is funded by the Foundation.
After launch I believe there is a mechanism the Foundation to receive Safecoin earned by the network for redistribution, and this may continue to fund core development, or be used for other charitable purposes. I’m not certain about that, so check if it is important to you.
Open source refers to the license. Any app actually runs locally on the client, but by using the network api can perform operations on the entire network (eg store, retrieve, send message etc).
If someone writes an app they need to create something that can run on each client they support (e.g Windows, iOS, Android etc), or that will run in a cross platform environment like a web browser. You can create and distribute binary apps, but they will only run on clients they are designed to run on - just like the current internet.
EDIT: an important difference with the current internet is there’s no need for apps to be installed on the client computer as they can run using the SAFE API for all storage and communications, and will leave no trace on the computer when you quit. This is like those portable apps you can install on a USB drive.
Later, computation will be a service that can be run on the network as a super computer, but that’s a whole different mechanism from apps. For apps, just think in terms of the current internet, where SAFE also provides an API for storage and communications, with built in wallet and micropayments.
If you’re not a developer is hard to understand these issues, and even if you are to be honest!